The number of women being diagnosed with endometrial cancer and ovarian cancer has been steadily rising in recent years. These gynecological cancers often go unnoticed in their early stages, making early detection and awareness critical. As a practicing gynecologist, I have witnessed the life-altering impact these diseases can have on women. In this article, we’ll explore the key symptoms, risk factors, and preventive strategies to reduce your risk and stay informed.
What Are Endometrial and Ovarian Cancers?
Endometrial cancer affects the inner lining of the uterus (endometrium), while ovarian cancer begins in the ovaries. Although both are part of the female reproductive system, they differ in symptoms, progression, and detection methods.
Endometrial Cancer:
- Most common form of uterine cancer.
- Often shows early symptoms like:
- Abnormal vaginal bleeding (especially after menopause)
- Pelvic pain
- Pain during intercourse
- Unusual discharge
Ovarian Cancer:
- Often called the “silent killer” due to vague early symptoms.
- Common signs include:
- Persistent bloating
- Abdominal or pelvic pain
- Feeling full quickly while eating
- Changes in bowel or bladder habits
- Frequent urination
Why Are Endometrial and Ovarian Cancer Cases Increasing?
There are several reasons behind the rising trend:
1. Lifestyle Factors
Poor diet, lack of physical activity, and obesity are major contributors, especially for endometrial cancer. Excess body fat produces estrogen, which can stimulate abnormal endometrial growth.
2. Delayed Pregnancy or Fewer Births
Women today are having children later or opting for fewer pregnancies. Pregnancy and breastfeeding are known to provide protective effects against these cancers.
3. Hormonal Imbalances
Conditions like PCOS (Polycystic Ovary Syndrome) and unsupervised hormone replacement therapy (HRT) can increase the risk.
4. Genetic Risk
A family history of ovarian or breast cancer, or carrying BRCA1, BRCA2, or Lynch syndrome genes, significantly elevates your risk.
5. Environmental Toxins
Though still under research, exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals may also contribute to cancer risk.
Recognizing Symptoms Early: When to See a Doctor
Understanding the early signs of these cancers can save lives. If you notice any of the following symptoms lasting more than two weeks, consult a gynecologist:
For Endometrial Cancer:
- Postmenopausal or irregular bleeding
- Pelvic pressure or cramping
- Discharge that’s watery or bloody
For Ovarian Cancer:
- Constant bloating or swelling
- Difficulty eating or feeling full quickly
- Persistent abdominal or back pain
- Urinary urgency or frequency
How to Reduce Your Risk of Gynecologic Cancers
While you can’t eliminate all risks—especially genetic ones—you can take proactive steps to lower your chances:
1. Maintain a Healthy Weight
Engage in regular physical activity and eat a balanced, nutrient-rich diet.
2. Use Birth Control Pills (If Appropriate)
Long-term use of oral contraceptives has been shown to reduce the risk of both ovarian and endometrial cancers.
3. Carefully Consider Hormone Therapy
Discuss HRT risks and benefits with your doctor, especially if you have a family history of cancer.
4. Seek Genetic Counseling
If your family has a history of gynecological or breast cancer, genetic testing can help you make informed health decisions.
5. Schedule Routine Screenings
Annual gynecological check-ups are crucial. Even without symptoms, screenings like ultrasounds or biopsies can detect abnormalities early.
The increase in ovarian and endometrial cancer cases is a reminder that women’s reproductive health must be a priority. By staying informed, recognizing symptoms early, and adopting healthy habits, women can protect themselves and improve outcomes through early diagnosis and treatment.
Don’t wait for symptoms to speak louder — schedule your routine gynecological check-up today. If you have a family history of cancer or notice any unusual changes in your body, consult a gynecologist without delay. Early detection can save lives.
